Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of Microstrip Antenna Using an Integrated Quarter Wave Transformer Feed Network | IJET Volume 12 β Issue 5 | IJET-V12I5P44
IJET
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques
ISSN 2395-1303 Β· Peer-Reviewed Β· Open Access
π Volume 12, Issue 5
π
October 28, 2026
π Pages 392β394
π ID: IJET-V12I5P44
Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of Microstrip Antenna Using an Integrated Quarter Wave Transformer Feed Network
Author(s)
Youvan Shivappa, Dr. Kalpana, Prahalad
Abstract
This paper presents the design, analysis, and optimization of a high-efficiency rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) operating at a center frequency of 3.5 GHz for sub-6 GHz 5G wireless applications. The design is implemented on a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 dielectric substrate (Ξ΅_r = 2.2, tan Ξ΄ = 0.0009) with a thickness of 1.575 mm. To ensure efficient power transfer and reduce reflection losses, an impedance-matching quarter-wave transformer feed network is designed to seamlessly match the high edge impedance of the radiating patch to a standard 50 Ξ© transmission line. Detailed mathematical analysis based on the transmission-line model yields an optimized patch width of 33.86 mm and length of 28.32 mm. Theoretical analysis and simulated performance indicators, including the reflection coefficient (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), radiation patterns, and total efficiency, are comprehensively presented.
Keywords
HFSS, QWTF, VSWR, RMPA
Conclusion
A rectangular microstrip patch antenna driven by an integrated quarter-wave transformer network has been successfully designed and analyzed for operation at 3.5 GHz. By combining the structural predictability of transmission-line design with the high-performance material characteristics of Rogers RT/duroid 5880, the system maintains excellent reflection matches (S11 = -28.5 dB), high structural efficiency, and a stable broadside radiation pattern.
References
V. REFERENCES
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[2] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2011.
[3] J. R. James and P. S. Hall, Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, London, UK: Peter Peregrinus Ltd., 1989.
[4] K. F. Lee and W. Chen, Advances in Microstrip and Printed Antennas, New York, NY, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
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[8] H. A. Alsawaf, "Performance of Patch Microstrip Antennas with Edge Feeding Networks for Adaptive Systems," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 45120-45129, May 2022.
[9] S. L. Karode and V. F. Fusco, "Microstrip Patch Antenna Impedance Matching Techniques using Inline Quarter-Wave Configurations," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1122-1129, Mar. 2006.
[10] K. C. Raja Rajeshwari, S. Saravanan, and R. Nivetha, "Analysis of High-Efficiency Microstrip Structures on Rogers Substrates for Sub-6 GHz Applications," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 42-51, Apr. 2023.
[11]. D. M. Pozar, βMicrostrip Antennas,β Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 79β91, 1992. DOI: 10.1109/5.119568 .
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14. C. Y. Chiu, K. M. Shum, C. H. Chan, and K. M. Luk, βBandwidth Enhancement Technique for Quarter-Wave Patch Antennas,β IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 2, pp. 130β132, 2003. DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2003.816636 .
15. A. A. Denidni and L. Talbi, βHigh gain microstrip antenna design for broadband wireless applications,β International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 511, 2003. DOI: 10.1002/mmce.10109 .
16. βSlotted Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Bandwidth Enhancement,β IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 1149β1152, 2000. DOI: 10.1109/8.884481 .
17. R. Azim, R. W. Aldhaheri, M. M. Sheikh, and M. T. Islam, βAn effective technique based on off-set fed patch to enhance the bandwidth of microstrip planar antenna,β Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 58, pp. 1221β1226, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/mop.29772 .
18. A. Kumar, N. Gupta, and P. C. Gautam, βGain and Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques in Microstrip Patch Antennas β A Review,β International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 148, no. 7, pp. 9β14, 2016. DOI: 10.5120/ijca2016911207 .
19. S. Akinola, I. Hashimu, and G. Singh, βGain and Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques of Microstrip Antenna: A Technical Review,β in 2019 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE). DOI: 10.1109/ICCIKE47802.2019.9004278 .
[1] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2016.
[2] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2011.
[3] J. R. James and P. S. Hall, Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, London, UK: Peter Peregrinus Ltd., 1989.
[4] K. F. Lee and W. Chen, Advances in Microstrip and Printed Antennas, New York, NY, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
[5] R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Boston, MA, USA: Artech House, 2001.
[6] T. Kiran, N. Mounisha, C. Mythily, and D. Akhil, "Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 2104-2112, Apr. 2021.
[7] A. R. Ali and M. S. Niazi, "Performance Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays on High-Performance PTFE Substrates," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1432-1436, Aug. 2021.
[8] H. A. Alsawaf, "Performance of Patch Microstrip Antennas with Edge Feeding Networks for Adaptive Systems," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 45120-45129, May 2022.
[9] S. L. Karode and V. F. Fusco, "Microstrip Patch Antenna Impedance Matching Techniques using Inline Quarter-Wave Configurations," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1122-1129, Mar. 2006.
[10] K. C. Raja Rajeshwari, S. Saravanan, and R. Nivetha, "Analysis of High-Efficiency Microstrip Structures on Rogers Substrates for Sub-6 GHz Applications," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 42-51, Apr. 2023.
[11]. D. M. Pozar, βMicrostrip Antennas,β Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 79β91, 1992. DOI: 10.1109/5.119568 .
12. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 4th ed., Wiley, 2016.
13. R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, 2001.
14. C. Y. Chiu, K. M. Shum, C. H. Chan, and K. M. Luk, βBandwidth Enhancement Technique for Quarter-Wave Patch Antennas,β IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 2, pp. 130β132, 2003. DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2003.816636 .
15. A. A. Denidni and L. Talbi, βHigh gain microstrip antenna design for broadband wireless applications,β International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 511, 2003. DOI: 10.1002/mmce.10109 .
16. βSlotted Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Bandwidth Enhancement,β IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 1149β1152, 2000. DOI: 10.1109/8.884481 .
17. R. Azim, R. W. Aldhaheri, M. M. Sheikh, and M. T. Islam, βAn effective technique based on off-set fed patch to enhance the bandwidth of microstrip planar antenna,β Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 58, pp. 1221β1226, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/mop.29772 .
18. A. Kumar, N. Gupta, and P. C. Gautam, βGain and Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques in Microstrip Patch Antennas β A Review,β International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 148, no. 7, pp. 9β14, 2016. DOI: 10.5120/ijca2016911207 .
19. S. Akinola, I. Hashimu, and G. Singh, βGain and Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques of Microstrip Antenna: A Technical Review,β in 2019 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE). DOI: 10.1109/ICCIKE47802.2019.9004278 .
π How to Cite This Paper
Youvan Shivappa, Dr. Kalpana, Prahalad (2026). Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of Microstrip Antenna Using an Integrated Quarter Wave Transformer Feed Network. International Journal of Engineering and Techniques, 12(5), 392β394. ISSN: 2395-1303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23731132
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