Mr. S. Venkatesh, Ch. Sumana, B. Akshaya, G. Sravani, K. Tarun

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23730723

Efficient water management is essential in modern agriculture because conventional irrigation methods commonly depend on manual operation or fixed schedules. Such approaches may cause overwatering or underwatering, resulting in water wastage, increased labour effort, and reduced crop productivity. This paper presents a Smart Irrigation System using an Arduino UNO, soil moisture sensor, relay module, water pump, and external power supply. The soil moisture sensor continuously monitors the moisture condition of the soil and provides an analog signal to the Arduino. The controller compares the sensed value with a predefined threshold. When the soil condition indicates dryness, the Arduino activates the relay and the water pump supplies water to the plants. When sufficient moisture is reached, the relay is deactivated and the pump is switched OFF automatically. The system therefore provides real-time irrigation control with minimal human intervention. Experimental testing described in the source project showed consistent operation for dry and wet soil conditions, with the pump turning ON for dry soil and OFF after sufficient moisture was reached. The proposed system is simple, low-cost, and suitable for small-scale applications such as gardens, greenhouses, and agricultural fields.

Smart irrigation, Arduino UNO, soil moisture sensor, relay module, water pump, embedded system, automation

The Smart Irrigation System using Arduino was successfully designed, implemented, and tested for automatic irrigation based on soil moisture. The system continuously monitors soil condition using a moisture sensor and controls the water pump through a relay. The experimental observations reported in the project show that the pump turns ON under dry conditions and turns OFF after sufficient moisture is reached. The architecture therefore provides automatic irrigation with reduced manual intervention and improved water-use control. The system uses simple and low-cost components and is suitable for applications such as small farms, home gardens, greenhouses, nurseries, and landscaping. Its embedded real-time operation provides a practical foundation for further development of automated irrigation.

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Mr. S. Venkatesh, Ch. Sumana, B. Akshaya, G. Sravani, K. Tarun (2026). SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING ARDUINO AND SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR. International Journal of Engineering and Techniques, 12(5), 388–391. ISSN: 2395-1303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23730723