The fast-growing renewable energy demand has increased the necessity for advanced systems that can solar electricity capturing efficiently. Conventional fixed solar panels suffer from lower productivity because they cannot follow the sun’s incessant movement. The project, Design of Sun Tracking sun Rover Control with Mobile Application, introduces a creative Internet of Things (IoT) solution that merges dual-axis sun tracking with a mobile robot platform. The system uses Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) to measure the intensity of the sunlight and rotates the solar panel along both the azimuth and elevation axes automatically for optimal exposure to sunlight during the day. The energy collection is significantly boosted by an Arduino-based control unit that processes the information from the sensors and controls the servo motors for exact and instantaneous solar tracking as compared to the static systems. The proposed rover not only comes with solar tracking but also mobility, obstacle avoidance, and IoT-enabled monitoring to enhance functionality and ease of use. The solar panel that has been tracked is responsible for charging the lithium battery that can be recycled, which in turn, supplies power to the DC motors that are controlled by a motor driver. The real-time monitoring of battery status, GPS location, and system performance is actually being done through a NodeMCU (ESP8266) module that enables wireless connection with the Blynk mobile app. The system’s ability to be remotely controlled and monitored through the mobile interface has resulted in increased operational flexibility that can be tapped by applications in agriculture, remote monitoring, off-grid power generation, and educational research.

The Sun Tracking Solar Rover Control with Mobile Application has superbly showcased an intelligent, self-sufficient, and power-efficient solar energy usage method. By integrating a mobile rover platform with a dual-axis solar tracking system, the device brilliantly overcomes the limitations of stationary solar panels. The binary approach of LDR-based sensing and embedded control continuously optimizes the solar panel’s position for maximum sunlight, leading to improved energy harvesting efficiency. The integration of sensors, controllers, actuators, and power management units during testing was a reliable hardware demonstration. In the end, the prototype developed clearly shows that the combination of robotics and embedded technology with renewable energy systems is indeed a way for effective, self-sustaining operation even in dynamic conditions. The results from the experiments confirm that the rover performs excellently using solar tracking, smooth motion, and effective obstacle detection. The dual-axis tracking mechanism that ensured accurate panel orientation in different sunlight conditions allowed for consistent battery charge and longer operating times. The solar tracking and rover movement control logic separation significantly enhanced system reliability and reduced processing overhead. Besides, the ultrasonic sensors-based protective mechanism successfully avoided collisions, thereby securing safe navigation. These results strengthen the proposed method’s reliability and demonstrate that the system can function autonomously with minimal human intervention in both indoor and outdoor environments. Furthermore, the integration of IoT and mobile app control had a significant impact on the overall improvement of system usability and monitoring features. The mobile app together with the cloud dashboard performed real-time visualization of battery percentage, GPS location, and operational metrics, and thus, the whole process was turned into effective remote monitoring. This interconnection means that users can track rover movement, manage energy usage, and study performance trends from anywhere. The whole system architecture which considers scalability, flexibility, and sustainability is a great point for diverse applications like smart farming, remote monitoring, off-grid energy production, and educational research. Thus, the proposed solar rover is an effective and clever solution for both intelligent automation systems and renewable energy.

[1]. “Solar Tracking Systems: A Review and Comparative Analysis,” R. Sadeghi, M. Parenti, S. Memme, S. Morchio, and M. Fossa, Energies, vol. 18, no. 10, 2025. [2]. K. Kumba, “Solar tracking systems: Progress, challenges, and future,” Renewables Energy Reports/ScienceDirect, 2024. [3]. N. Kuttybay, “Solar tracking systems assessment — review paper,” Renewable Energy Review, 2024. [4]. L. Guanghua, “A study on the MPP tracking methods in solar PV systems,” ScienceDirect, 2025. [5]. “Two-axis solar tracker: design, modeling, and control,” H. A. Issa, ScienceDirect, 2025. [6]. “A Detailed Review of MPPT Techniques,” Z. Ishrat, Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy Research, 2024. [7]. ResearchGate, “An in-depth review and classified comparison of MPPT algorithms in PV systems,” by S. Sarvi and A. Azadian (review paper). [8]. In the 2022 ResearchGate article “Solar Powered Obstacle Avoiding Robot,” a solar-powered robot equipped with ultrasonic obstacle avoidance is being developed and tested. [9]. According to the 2022 ResearchGate article “Realization of IoT Water Monitoring System using NodeMCU (ESP8266) and Blynk Application,” the use of ESP8266 + Blynk IoT integration is a very efficient way for solar monitoring. [10]. Global Scientific Journal (prototype documentation), “An IoT Based Solar Panel Monitoring and Recommendation System using Blynk Cloud,” 2022–2023. [11]. IJERR/QT Analytics, “Design and Implementation of a Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System,” 2024; implementation and comparison of energy output with that of fixed panels. [12]. “Solar Hybrid Rover with Soil Moisture Detecting Sensor,” IJIRT, 2024: solar rovers being deployed in fields and agriculture use. [13]. “IoT Based Solar Panel Cleaning Rover,” IRO Journals, 2024—a mobile solar rover that has the ability to identify obstacles and will also clean itself. [14]. ResearchGate review, “A Review and Comparative Analysis of Solar Tracking Systems,” 2025 [15]. “Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System Design and Implementation (ResearchGate),” 2025 [16]. ResearchGate (project document), “Solar-Powered Rover With GPS Tracker,” 2025 [17]. ResearchGate, “Design and Implementation of Security Surveillance Solar-Powered Spy Rover with GPS Tracker,” 2025 [18]. “IoT Based Solar Power Monitoring”: ESP8266/NodeMCU + cloud monitoring techniques for PV systems (2021–2023) (Scribd/technical report). [19]. The Amrita University article “Obstacle avoidance in a solar powered autonomous vehicle” describes a microcontroller-based rover with sonar obstacle detection (2021–2023). [20]. Reuters energy analysis, “US solar tracker dominance offers lessons for other markets,” 2024

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