Groundwater is a primary source of drinking and domestic water in South Guwahati due to rapid urban expansion, increasing population density, and inadequate municipal water supply. This paper assesses the groundwater quality in South Guwahati using samples from ten representative locations. The Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index approach was used to compute the Water Quality Index (WQI) providing a clear understanding of the water quality status and its suitability for drinking purposes. Spatial distribution maps for each parameter and the overall WQI map were generated using GIS-based Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation, enabling visualization of spatial variability and identification of potential contamination hotspots. The results reveal that although most parameters fall within permissible limits, elevated concentrations of iron, hardness, fluoride, turbidity, and TDS are observed in several locations, particularly Lalmati, Hatigaon, Basistha Chariali, and Tetelia. WQI classifications range from excellent to poor, highlighting clear spatial variation in groundwater quality. The findings bring out the need for continuous monitoring, improved local water treatment practices, and sustainable groundwater management strategies to ensure safe and reliable access to groundwater in South Guwahati.

This study successfully shows the effectiveness of combining WQI assessment with GIS techniques to evaluate and map groundwater quality in a complex urban environment. The study contributes scientific data on the current status of groundwater in South Guwahati. The insights gained can support policymakers, environmental agencies, and urban planners in formulating strategies for sustainable groundwater management, ensuring long-term environmental and public health security for the region.

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