This paper investigates the optimal insulin infusion for type 1 diabetes through the use of compensators from the second generation of control compensators. The proposed compensators are a novel 0/1 first order and 2/2 orders compensators from the second generation of control compensators. The compensators are tuned for good control system performance and optimal adjustment of the insulin infusion required to control the typ1 diabetes. The performance of the control system with the proposed compensators is compared with PID controller from the first generation of PID controllers to control the same type 1 diabetes process. A ready transfer function model for the glucose-insulin infusion process from a previous research work is used to tune the proposed compensators and present the step time response for a meal disturbance input. The characteristics of the step time responses are compared with those of the conventional PID controller. The best compensator/controller for the control of type 1 diabetes is assigned and the insulin infusion rate is investigated for three levels of the gain of the best compensator.

-The research work presented in this research paper handled the first paper in a series of papers under the general title: Autonomous drugs optimal management. -The first paper in this series dealt with the control of serum type 1 diabetes using two compensators from the second generation of control compensators compared with a PID controller from the first PID controllers. -The proposed compensators were tuned using hybrid approach based on applying the zero/pole cancellation, critical damping of second-order dynamic systems and trial and the error approach. -The PID controller was used in a 2012 research work to control type 1 diabetes without tuning announcement. It simulation results were used for sake of comparison with the proposed control techniques. -The purpose of the investigated compensators was to bring down the glucose concentration due to one meal disturbance from 180 gm/dL to a value within a normal range between 70 and 100 mg/dL. -The proposed compensators succeeded to reduce the settling time of the control system (with respect to the 2 % tolerance) to values in the range: 6.73 ≤ Ts2% ≤ 241.28 min compared with 490.7 min for the PID controller. -The proposed compensators succeeded to reduce the delay time to 1.39 ≤ Td ≤ 61.82 min compared with 393.5 min for the PID controller. -The proposed compensators succeeded to reduce the rise time to 4.13 ≤ Tr ≤ 83.19 min compared with 300.9 min for the PID controller. -The best compensator was chosen the 2/2 orders compensator based on its time-based characteristics in Table 1. -The effect of 2/2 compensator gain Kc2 on the insulin infusion rate was graphically illustrated for Kc2 = 0.02, 0.06 and 0.1. The maximum infusion rate was 3.38, 10.42 and 18 mg/min respectively. -The insulin infusion rate can be set by the control system operator to suit the type 1 diabetes individuals. Future work is required to set limits for the insulin infusion rate to avoid side effects and provide more safety treatment for type 1 diabetes.

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