The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) demands sustainable and intelligent charging infrastructure. This paper presents the design and successful implementation of a solar-powered EV charging station integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring. The implemented system employs an automatic solar tracking mechanism using three Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors oriented in East, Center, and West directions to maximize solar energy harvesting. An Arduino Uno microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, interfacing with dual voltage sensors, a temperature sensor, and an LCD display. The collected data is transmitted to a cloud-based IoT dashboard via an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, enabling real-time remote monitoring of solar voltage, battery voltage, state of charge, and temperature. Experimental results confirmed a 27% improvement in charging efficiency over fixed-panel installations and reliable safety monitoring, establishing this system as a practical and cost-effective solution for green EV charging infrastructure.

This paper presented the successful design, development, and experimental validation of a solar-powered EV charging station with IoT monitoring. The system leveraged LDR- based automatic solar tracking to achieve a 27% improvement in solar energy harvesting compared to a fixed-panel installation. An ESP8266 Wi-Fi module enabled real-time cloud-based monitoring of solar voltage, battery voltage, temperature, and state of charge. An Arduino Uno served as the central controller, integrating all five hardware modules into a fully operational prototype. All system modules were completed and tested. Solar tracking response time was under 2 seconds, voltage measurement accuracy was within ±0.2V, all safety protection mechanisms operated correctly under fault-injection testing, and remote IoT monitoring was demonstrated successfully via smartphone. The system achieved an overall charging efficiency of approximately 82%. The implemented prototype demonstrated strong performance in outdoor conditions and offers a cost-effective, scalable solution for renewable EV charging, particularly suited to rural and off-grid deployments. Future enhancements may include integration of MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) for further efficiency gains, bidirectional V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) capability, and a dedicated mobile application with push notifications for fault alerts.

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