Underground power cables are widely used in modern smart cities to improve safety and reliability of power distribution systems. However, locating faults in underground cables is challenging due to inaccessibility and manual inspection limitations. Traditional fault detection techniques such as Murray Loop and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) are either time-consuming or expensive. This paper proposes an loT-enabled smart grid system for precision underground cable fault localization using voltage drop analysis and cloud-based monitoring. The system integrates ESP32 microcontroller, current and voltage sensors, and loT cloud platforms for real-time fault detection and distance calculation. Experimental results demonstrate improved accuracy of 95% with reduced response time under 5 seconds. The proposed method ensures lowcost implementation, real-time monitoring, and enhanced reliability in smart grid applications.

This paper presents an IoT-enabled precision underground cable fault localization system for smart grid applications. The proposed system improves detection speed and accuracy while reducing operational cost. Real-time cloud monitoring enhances system reliability and enables quick maintenance response. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the system with 95% accuracy. Future enhancements can further improve predictive analysis using AI and GIS integration.

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