Rapid urbanization has resulted in serious challenges related to resource management, environmental sustainability, and infrastructure development. The concept of smart cities has emerged as an effective approach to overcome these issues by integrating advanced technologies with sustainable urban planning. Smart cities make use of digital technologies, data analytics, and intelligent infrastructure to enhance the quality of life of citizens while minimizing environmental impact. This study provides a detailed review of sustainable technologies used in smart cities, including renewable energy systems, smart transportation, green buildings, and efficient resource management practices.

Smart cities represent a modern approach to addressing the challenges of urbanization by combining technology with sustainability. They improve the efficiency of urban systems, enhance the quality of life, and reduce environmental impact. Although there are several challenges such as high costs, infrastructure requirements, and data security issues, proper planning and technological advancements can overcome these barriers. Smart cities play a crucial role in building a sustainable and resilient future.

1.United Nations (2019). World Urbanization Prospects. United Nations Publications. 2.World Bank (2020). Smart Cities and Urban Development. World Bank Publications. 3.Anthony M. Townsend (2013). Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia. W.W. Norton & Company. 4.IEEE (2021). Smart Cities Technical Reports and Publications. 5.International Energy Agency (2022). Energy Technology Perspectives for Sustainable Cities. 6.Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (2023). Smart Cities Mission Guidelines. Government of India.

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