Abstract

Industry 4.0 is bringing modern technology like smart factories and automation, transforming societies in unprecedented ways. Blockchain, IoT, and Federated Learning are the driving forces behind these innovations, offering transformative potential while introducing new challenges. This paper explores the interplay of these technologies, discussing their impact on industry and society. In Industry 4.0, integrating blockchain and IoT enhances supply chain transparency, real-time tracking, and secure machine-to-machine communication. Meanwhile, in Society 5.0, these technologies contribute to advancements in healthcare, urban planning, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, Federated Learning ensures privacy-preserving machine learning in IoT environments, with blockchain adding security and trust to decentralized networks. This study systematically reviews case studies and real-world applications, highlighting both opportunities and challenges in leveraging Blockchain, IoT, and Federated Learning for economic and societal improvements.