Abstract

Healthcare supply chains are complex structures spanning multiple organizations and geographical boundaries, serving as a critical backbone to essential services. The complexity of these systems can lead to conflicts such as inaccurate information, lack of transparency, and limited data provenance. Counterfeit drugs pose a significant threat to healthcare, affecting patient safety and causing economic losses. This paper proposes a blockchain-based approach leveraging smart contracts and decentralized off-chain storage to enhance drug traceability, ensuring authenticity and data security within pharmaceutical supply chains.