This study evaluates the influence of Bentonite slurry on the Cohesive behaviour of Fine Sand for Soil Stabilization applications. Fine Sand was mixed with Bentonite contents of 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% by dry weight using 4% and 8% Water–Bentonite slurry. Laboratory investigations included Particle Size Distribution, Specific gravity, Atterberg Limits, Unconfined Compression (UCT), and Direct Shear Tests. The results indicate a marked increase in Cohesion with increasing Bentonite content, while the Angle Of Internal Friction showed variable responses. The findings demonstrate the potential of Bentonite-treated sand for improving Soil Strength, Stability, and Permeability characteristics.

The results of this study demonstrate that Bentonite slurry significantly improves the Cohesive behavior of Fine Sand, thereby enhancing its suitability for a range of geotechnical and construction applications. As the water content of the mixture increases, Bentonite undergoes greater swelling, resulting in an increase in volume and improved interaction with surrounding soil particles. This process promotes stronger particle bonding and leads to a noticeable increase in Cohesion. The study further indicates that higher Bentonite content contributes to increased Cohesive Strength while reducing the Angle Of Internal Friction due to the coating of sand particles by Bentonite. The combined effect of enhanced Cohesion and reduced Intergranular Friction improves the overall stability and engineering performance of the Sand–Bentonite mixture. Moreover, the influence of Bentonite becomes more pronounced at higher water contents, where its swelling and binding characteristics are fully mobilized. Although the findings confirm the effectiveness of Bentonite in modifying fine sand properties, additional research is required to evaluate long-term durability, field performance, and potential environmental impacts under varying site conditions.

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