Access to clean drinking water remains a global challenge, particularly in rural and energy-deficient regions. This study presents the design and performance analysis of a solar-powered water purification system that integrates renewable energy with filtration and distillation techniques. The system employs photovoltaic (PV) panels to harness solar energy, which is converted into electrical and thermal energy for powering pumps and heating water. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the purifier achieves a turbidity reduction of 95%, microbial removal efficiency above 90%, and maintains a throughput of 2–3 liters per hour under average solar irradiance of 800 W/m². Theoretical modeling of energy conversion and heat transfer validates the observed performance, with efficiency equations showing close correlation between predicted and experimental results. The findings highlight the potential of solar-powered purification systems as sustainable, low-cost solutions for decentralized water treatment.

The solar-powered water purifier demonstrates effective integration of renewable energy with purification technology. Results confirm its potential for rural and decentralized applications, offering a sustainable and low-cost solution to water scarcity. Future work may explore hybrid systems combining PV with wind or biomass energy, and advanced filtration membranes for higher throughput.

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