Fuzzy Logic-Controlled Nine-Level Inverter for Solar PV Integrated Grid-Connected Bidirectional EV charging | IJET Volume 12 – Issue 5 | IJET-V12I5P30
IJET
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques
ISSN 2395-1303 · Peer-Reviewed · Open Access
📚 Volume 12, Issue 5
📅 September 29, 2026
📄 Pages 275–286
🔖 ID: IJET-V12I5P30
Fuzzy Logic-Controlled Nine-Level Inverter for Solar PV Integrated Grid-Connected Bidirectional EV charging
Author(s)
Mekala Jahnavi, Yerramsetty Pavani
Abstract
This paper presents a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for a grid-connected Nine-level inverter integrating a Solar photovoltaic (PV) source and a bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) battery. Conventional PI controllers perform well under fixed operating conditions, but their performance may be affected by rapid changes in solar irradiance, nonlinear loads, and EV battery charging or discharging conditions. To overcome these limitations, a fuzzy logic controller is used to provide better control under changing and discharging operating conditions without depending entirely on an accurate mathematical model. The suggested system employs fuzzy control for maximum power point tracking (MPPT), battery integration, and inverter management, with nine-level inverter functioning as an active filter to attenuate harmonics produced by non-linear loads. The system performance was evaluated based on THD, settling time, overshoot, and response to variations in irradiance and load. Compared with conventional PI control, the simulation results show that the proposed controller reduces the grid current THD to 1.14%, providing a faster MPPT response, lower current distortion, smoother battery charging and discharging and providing lower harmonic distortions, and increase in power quality. The integrated PV, nine-level inverter, and EV battery system can therefore be considered for grid-connected renewable energy systems, microgrids, smart grid applications, and V2G or G2V operations.
Keywords
Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC), Grid to Vehicle (G2V), Proportional Integral (PI)controller, Total harmonic distortion (THD), vehicle to grid(V2G).
Conclusion
The proposed system was tested in simulation with the PV source, EV battery, utility grid, and nonlinear load under different operating conditions. The nine-level inverter produces the required stepped voltage, while the bidirectional DC-DC converter manages the battery during charging and discharging [9], [14]. The FLC adjusts the inverter response based on the power requirements of the PV source, battery, and load. With the filter connected, the grid-current THD is reduced from 6.64% to 1.14%. The results under different irradiance levels also show that power is properly shared between the PV source, battery, grid, and load. Overall, the simulation results confirm stable operation and effective power management with an increase in power quality, reduction of harmonics, while lowering grid dependency and increasing system stability in the proposed system. Further work can investigate the proposed system at higher power levels and with larger PV and EV battery capacities, verify its performance using real-time or hardware-based implementation, and study advanced control methods such as adaptive fuzzy and ANN-based techniques for improved operation during complex charging, discharging, G2V, and V2G conditions.
References
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[12] A. A. Al-Samawi and H. Trabelsi, “New nine-level cascade multilevel inverter with a minimum number of switches for PV systems,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 16, p. 5857, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15165857.
[13] G. M. Kurian, P. A. Jeyanthy, and D. Devaraj, “FPGA implementation of FLC-MPPT for harmonics reduction in sustainable photovoltaic system,” Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 52, p. 102192, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102192.
[14] P. A. V. Prasad and C. Dhanamjayulu, “An overview on multi-level inverter topologies for grid-tied PV system,” Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., 2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/9690344.
[15] B. Gopinath, S. Suresh, and M. Geetha, “Solar integrated cascaded topology of multilevel inverter using interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller,” Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023, doi: 10.1080/15325008.2023.2210565.
[2] M. K. Das, K. C. Jana, and A. Sinha, “Performance evaluation of an asymmetrical reduced switched multi-level inverter for a grid-connected PV system,” IET Renewable Power Generation, 2018, doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0895.
[3] M. B. Satti, A. Hasan, and M. I. Ahmad, “A new multilevel inverter topology for grid-connected photovoltaic systems,” Int. J. Photoenergy, 2018, doi: 10.1155/2018/9704346.
[4] P. M. Bana et al., “Recently developed reduced switch multilevel inverter for renewable energy integration and drives application: Topologies, comprehensive analysis and comparative evaluation,” IEEE Access, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2913447.
[5] P. Lingom et al., “Analysis and control of PV cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with failed cells and changing meteorological conditions,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2021, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.3009107.
[6] M. J. Sathik, D. J. Almakhles, N. Sandeep, and M. D. Siddique, “Experimental validation of new self-voltage balanced 9L-ANPC inverter for photovoltaic applications,” Sci. Rep., vol. 11, p. 5067, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84531-z.
[7] A. A. A. Stonier et al., “Fuzzy logic control for solar PV fed modular multilevel inverter towards marine water pumping applications,” IEEE Access, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3090254.
[8] A. Gupta et al., “Power quality evaluation of photovoltaic grid interfaced cascaded H-bridge nine-level multilevel inverter systems using D-STATCOM and UPQC,” Energy, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121707.
[9] F. Nasr Esfahani, A. Darwish, and B. W. Williams, “Power converter topologies for grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) powered electric vehicles (EVs)—A comprehensive review,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 13, p. 4648, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15134648.
[10] F. Nasr Esfahani, A. Darwish, and A. Massoud, “PV/battery grid integration using a modular multilevel isolated SEPIC-based converter,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 15, p. 5462, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15155462.
[11] A. Maurya and A. Mishra, “A single source based multilevel boost inverter with reduced peak standing voltage for renewable energy and EV applications,” Renewable Energy Focus, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ref.2022.05.002.
[12] A. A. Al-Samawi and H. Trabelsi, “New nine-level cascade multilevel inverter with a minimum number of switches for PV systems,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 16, p. 5857, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15165857.
[13] G. M. Kurian, P. A. Jeyanthy, and D. Devaraj, “FPGA implementation of FLC-MPPT for harmonics reduction in sustainable photovoltaic system,” Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 52, p. 102192, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102192.
[14] P. A. V. Prasad and C. Dhanamjayulu, “An overview on multi-level inverter topologies for grid-tied PV system,” Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., 2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/9690344.
[15] B. Gopinath, S. Suresh, and M. Geetha, “Solar integrated cascaded topology of multilevel inverter using interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller,” Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023, doi: 10.1080/15325008.2023.2210565.
📋 How to Cite This Paper
Mekala Jahnavi, Yerramsetty Pavani (2026). Fuzzy Logic-Controlled Nine-Level Inverter for Solar PV Integrated Grid-Connected Bidirectional EV charging. International Journal of Engineering and Techniques, 12(5), 275–286. ISSN: 2395-1303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23032922
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