OPC production is one of the major sources of CO2 emissions,accounting for about7-8%of the total anthropogenic CO2 output. Because of this environmental challenge, supplementing with cementitious materials and by-products from industries has become as promising strategy for sustainableconstruction.Thecurrentstudyfocusesonthedevelopmentofeco- efficientconcreteusing dolomite powder and biochar as dual partial substitutes for cement. Different replacement levels of cement with dolomite powder and biochar were tested through experimental investigations. Workability, compressivestrength of concrete and split tensile strength was evaluated.The results showed that concretes with optimum blends of dolomitepowder(10-20%) constantly and as a variable of biochar (1-3%) possessed satisfactory strength and reduces carbon footprint. Thus, enhancing the performances compared to the conventional concrete mixes.

The present study demonstrates that partial replacement of cement with dolomite powder and biochar has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of M30 grade concrete. The compressive strength results indicate that the incorporation of dolomite powder and biochar enhances the early-age strength of concrete when compared to the conventional control mix. Among all the mixes,15% dolomite &2% biochar exhibited the highest7-day compressivestrength, indicating improved early hydration and particle packing effect. At 28 days of curing, 10% dolomite & 1% biochar achieved the maximum compressive strength, suggesting that lower percentages of replacement contribute to better long-term strength development. It is observed that moderate replacement levels of 10–15% dolomite and 1–2% biochar yield optimum strength characteristics, while higher replacement levels adversely affect the performance. The reduction in strength at higher replacement levels of 20% dolomite may be attributed to the dilution effect and reduced cementitious content in the mix. The split tensile strength results follow a similar trend as compressive strength, confirming the positive contribution of dolomite powder and biochar at optimum levels. The maximum split tensile strength was recorded for 10% dolomite & 1% biochar at both 7 days and 28 days, indicating improved bonding and crack resistance. The dolomite powder provides early strength whereas biochar provides maximum strength at 28 days. However,excessive incorporation of biochar leads to a reduction in strength due to increased porosity and reduced workability. The study establishes that an optimum combination of10– 15%dolomitepowderand1–2%biochar can be effectively used to produce eco-efficient concrete with improved mechanical properties.

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