Submit your paper : editorIJETjournal@gmail.com

Paper Title : PREDICTION OF POSTMORTEM INTERVAL USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ISSN : 2395-1303
Year of Publication : 2022
10.5281/zenodo.7263469

Authors: J. David Livingston, S. Bhavana,S. Srinidhi ,P. Nishitha

         


Abstract
Determining the postmortem interval PMI/ time of death is a critical step in forensic investigations. Accurate estimation of the PMI is a important task for a Forensic examiner. Recent developments in biochemical technologies have started to identify biomarkers in the different biological fluids such as blood, urine for PMI estimation. Researches focusing on the use of blood in PMI estimation suggest that the femoral vein blood must be Collected for measuring biochemical components . Forensic Investigations are hurtling towards the introduction of - AI, an intelligence exhibited by machines that are trained to learn and solve problems. The present project outlines a concept of a device that can be used in the prediction of the PMI through Providing the profile of different metabolites in blood such as Lactate dehydrogenase LDH, Aspartate aminotransferase AST, triglycerides and cholesterols. In addition to the measurement of blood ph. Use of these biochemical markers could be the promising tools in forensic death investigations.

Reference
[1] D. L. Cockle and L. S. Bell, “Human decomposition and the reliability of a ‘Universal’ model for post mortem interval estimations,”Forensic Sci Int.,vol.253, pp. 136.e1– 136.e9, Aug. 2015. [2] M. J. Buchan and G. S. Anderson, “Time since death: a review of the current status of methods used in the later postmortem interval,”Can Soc Forensic Sci J., vol. 34(1), pp. 1–22, Nov. 2013. [3] J. S. Sachs, Corpse: nature, forensics, and the struggle to pinpoint time of death. New York: Basic Books, 2001. [4] B. Swift, The timing of death. In: Rutty GN, editor. Essentials of autopsy practice. London: Springer, 2006, pp. 189–214. [5] A. Sutherland, J.Myburgh, M.Steyn, P. J. Becker, “The effect of body size on the rate of decomposition in a temperate region of South Africa,”Forensic Sci Int., vol. 231(1–3), pp. 257–262, 2013. [6] C. Henssge and B. Madea, “Estimation of the time since death in the early postmortem period,” Forensic Sci Int., vol. 144, pp. 167–175, 2004. [7] M. S. Megyesi, S. P. Nawrocki, and N. H. Haskell, “Using accumulated degree-days to estimate the postmortem interval from decomposed human remains,”J Forensic Sci.,vol. 50(3), pp. 618–626, 2005. [8] J. A. Payne, “A summer carrion study of the baby pig sus scrofa linnaeus,”Ecology.,vol. 46 (5), pp. 592–602, 1965. [9] A. Galloway, W. H. Birkby, A. M. Jones, T.E. Henry, and B. O.Parks, “Decay rates of human remains in an arid environment,”J Forensic Sci., vol. 34(3), pp. 607–616, 1989. [10] J. Zhuqing, Y. Meng, W. Xu, L. Di, Z. Haidong, D. Shengli, Z. Fengqin, G. Zhaoming, E. Xiaofei, C. Lin, X. JiaN, B. RufenG, and Y. Tiantong, “Estimation of the Postmortem Interval by Measuring Blood Oxidation̻reduction Potential Values,”Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine., vol. 2(1), pp. 8-11, 2016. [11] E. D.Andrea and I. L Iain, “Estimation of post-mortem interval using biochemical markers,”Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences., vol. 46(1), pp. 1-19, 2013. [12] F. Musshoff, H. Klotzbach, W. Block, F. Traeber, H. Schild, and B. Madea, “Comparison of post-mortem metabolic changes in sheep brain tissue in isolated heads and whole animals using H-MR spectroscopy- preliminary results,”Int J Legal Med., vol. 125(5), pp. 741-744, May. 2010. [13] Y. O. Poloz, and D.H. O'Day, “Determining time of death: temperature-dependant post-mortem changes in calcineurin A, MARCKS, CaMKII, and protein phosphatase 2A in mouse,”Int J Legal Med., vol. 123, pp. 305–314, 2009. [14] F. Wehner, and H. D. Wehner, “Schieffer MC, Subke J. Delimitation of the time Of death by immunohistochemical detection of insulin in pancreatic [beta]- cells,”Forensic Sci Int., vol. 105 (3), pp. 161–169, 1999. [15] W.W. Jetter, “Post-mortem biochemical changes,”J Forensic Sci. vol .4(3), pp. 330– 341,1959. [16] J.Hayman and M. Oxenham, “Human body decomposition,”Academic Press, pp. 53-90, 2016. [17] A. A. Vass, S. A. Barshick, G. Sega, J. Caton, J. T. Skeen, J. C. Love, and J.A.Synstelien, “Decomposition chemistry of human 258 remains: a new methodology for determining the postmortem interval”, J Forensic Sci., vol. 47(3), pp. 542–553, 2002. [18] J. I. Coe, “Postmortem chemistry update. Emphasis on forensic application,”Am JForensic Med Path., vol. 14(2), pp. 91–117, 1993. [19] J .I. Coe,“Postmortem chemistries on Blood with particular reference to urea nitrogen, electrolytes and bilirubin,”J Forensic Sci., vol. 19(1), pp. 33-42, 1974. [20] F. Schleyer, “Determination of the time of death in the early postmortem interval”, Methods Forensic Sci., vol. 2, pp. 253– 293, 1963 [21] T. Dhiraj and K. S. Narayana, “Postmortem blood glucose level: How useful toenvisage the time since death,”International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research., vol. 2(1), pp. 61-64,2015 [22] F. John and A. K. Norbert, “Postmortem Blood Sugar and Blood Urea Nitrogen Determinations,”Canad. Med. Ass. J., vol. 92, 1965 [23] I. Costa, F. Carvalho, T. Magalhães, P. Guedes de Pinho, R. Silvestre, and R. J.DinisOliveira, “Promising blood-derived biomarkers for estimation of the postmortem interval,”Toxicol. Res., vol. 4, pp. 1443-1452, 2015. [24] A. E. Donaldson and I. L. Lamont, “Biochemistry Changes That Occur after Death: PotentialMarkers for Determining PostMortem Interval,”PlosOne., vol. 8(11), pp. e82011, Nov 2013. [25] R. S. Cotran, V. Kumar, and S. L. Robbins, Robbins pathologic basis of disease, Schoen FJ, editor.Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; Chapter 1. Cellular injury and cellular death. p. 4–11, 1994. [26] S. Reitman, and S. Frankel, “A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases,”Am J ClinPathol, vol.28(1), pp. 56-63, 1957. [27] P. Fossati, and L. Prencipe, “Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide,”Clin Chem., vol. 28, pp. 2077- 2080,1982. [28] C. C. Allain, L. S. Poon, C. S. Chan, W. Richmond, and P.C Fu, “Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol,”ClinChem, vol. 20, pp. 470-475, 1974. [29] D. Lloyd, and A. Felton, “Colorimetric method for determining the ion hydrogen concentration of small amounts of fluid,”Journal of Biological Chemistry,vol. 46 (2), 1921. [30] J. B. Enticknap, “Biochemical changes in cadaver sera,”J Forensic Med., vol. 7, pp. 135–146, 1960. [31] E. N. Marieb and K. Hoehm, Human Anatomy and Physiology, 8thed., .California: Benjamin / Cummings Science Publishing, 1998. [32] W. R. Sawyer, D. R. Steup, B. S. Martin, and R. B. Forney, “Cardiac blood pH as a possible indicator of postmortem interval, ”J Forensic Sci., vol. 33, pp. 1439- 1444.
Keywords
— PREDICTION OF POSTMORTEM INTERVAL USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE