Submit your paper : editorIJETjournal@gmail.com

Paper Title : Effect of probiotic-fermented milk supplemented with carob pods on ethanol induced-ulcer in rats

ISSN : 2395-1303
Year of Publication : 2022
10.29126/23951303/IJET-V8I1P8

Authors: Sana M’hir, Kais Rtibi, Haifa habibi, Rym sassi, Lamia Ayed, Lamjed Marzouki, Hichem Sebai

         


Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the effect of milks enriched with carob and fermented by two probiotic strains, separately, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG and Lactobacillus casei LCS, against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats, as well as the associated disturbances. These beverages were orally administered to animals on a daily basis for one week. On day 7, two hours after the last treatment, the animals were intoxicated for one hour with a single dose of 80% ethanol. The famotidine was used as the positive control at a dose of 10 mg/kg and the untreated group received distilled water at 10 ml/kg. The animals were sacrificed and the stomachs were cut opened to observe and calculate the ulcer index. The ulcer index was determined and percentage of protection was calculated. The associated alterations in the gastric mucosa were analyzed by colorimetric methods. A single dose of ethanol (80%) caused major bleeding lesions and was accompanied by altered cellular mediators. However, the pretreatment of the animals with a mixture probiotic fermented milk and carob has led to a greater gastroprotective action than that observed after the individualized administration of these products. Mixture such carob and pobiotic can be suggested as functional food to protect against gastric ulcer.

Reference
1. K. Aziz,, D. Bonnet, and B. Foppa. “Hépato-gastroentérologie. Paris : édition Masson ». 2éme édition. pp 322-323. 2012. 2. 2. V.M. Cuevas, Y.R. Calzado, Y.P. Guerra, A.O. Year, S.J. Despaigne, R.M. Ferreiro, and D.C. Quintana. “Effects of grape seed extract, vitamin C, and vitamin e on ethanoland aspirin-induced ulcers”, Adv. Pharmacol. Sci. 740687. 2011 3. I. Battle, and J. Tous. “Carob Tree (Ceratonia Siliqua L.)”, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Viadelle Sette Chiese, 142 00145, Rome, Italy. 1997. 4. S. Naghmouchi, M.L. Khouja, A. Romero, J. Tous and M. Boussaid. “Tunisian carob (Ceratonia siliqua L) populations: morphological variability of pods and kernel”. Sci. Hortic., Vol. 121 (2), pp125–130. 2009 . 5. L. Sęczyk, M. Świeca, and U. Gawlik-Dziki, “Effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour on the antioxidant potential, nutritional quality and sensory characteristics of fortified durum wheat pasta”, Food Chemistry, Vol. 194, pp 637–642. 2016. 6. S. Aydın, and Y. Özdemir. “Development and Characterization of Carob Flour Based Functional Spread for Increasing Use as Nutritious Snack for Children”, Journal of Food Quality 5028150 , pp 1-7. 2017. 7. A. Radia, A. Boukhiar, K. Kechadi, and S. Benamara. “Preparation of a Natural Candy from Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Olive (Olea europaea L.), and Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Fruits”, Journal of Food Quality 9565931. 2018 8. H.J. Zunft, W. Luder, A. Harde, B. Haber, H.J. Graubaum, J. Gruenwald, “Carob pulp preparation for treatment of hypercholesterolemia”, Advances in Therapy vol 18(5), pp 230–236. 2001. 9. B. Haber. “Carob fiber benefits and application”. Cereal Foods World vol 47 (8), pp 365–369.202 10. H. Sebai, A. Souli, L. Chehimi , K. Rtibi , M. Amri, M. ElBenna , and M. Sakly, M.. “In vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of Tunisian carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.)”, Journal of Medicinal Plant Research vol 7(2), pp85–90. 2013. 11. . L. Corsi, R. Avallone, F. Cosenza , F. Farina, C. Baraldi, and M. Baraldi, M. “Antiproliferative effects of Ceratonia siliqua L. on mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line”, Fitoter vol 73 (7-8), pp 674–684.2002. 12. S. Klenow, M. Glei, B. Haber, R. Owen, and B.L. PoolZobel. “Carob fibre compounds modulate parameters of cell growth differently in human ht29 colon adenocarcinoma cells than in LT97 colon adenoma cells”, Food and Chemical Toxicology vol 46(4), 1389–1397. 2008. 13. Y.A. Ghouri, D.M. Richards, E.F. Rahimi, J.T. Krill, K.A. Jelinek, and A.W. DuPont. “Systematic review ofrandomized controlled trials of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in inflammatory bowel disease”, Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology vol 9(7), pp 473-87. 2014. 14. Derikx, L. A. A. P., Dieleman, L. A. and Hoentjen, F. 2016. “Probiotics and prebiotics in ulcerative colitis, Best Practice and Research”, Clinical Gastroenterology vol. 30(1), pp 55-71. 15. K. Rtibi, M.A. Jabri, S. Selmi, A. Souli, H. Sebai, J. ElBenna, M. Amri, L. Marzouki, “Carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.) inhibit human neutrophils myeloperoxidase and in vitro ROS-scavenging activity”, RSC Advances vol. 5(102), pp 84207-84215. 2015. 16. D. Hollander, A. Taranawski, W.J. Krauseand and H. Gergely. “Protective effect of sucralfate against alcoholinduced gastric mucosal injury in the rat”, Gastroenterology” 88(1 PT2), pp366–374. 1985. 17. E.F. Hartree. “Determination of protein: a modification of the Lowry method that gives a linear photometric response”, Analytical Biochemistry vol 48(2), pp 422– 7.1972. 18. B. Dingeon, J.P. Ferry, and A. Roullet. “Auto analysis of blood sugar by Trinder’s method”, Annales de Biologie Clinique vol 33(1), pp 3–13.1975. 19. J. Stern, and W.H. Lewis. “The colorimetric estimation of calcium in serum with ocresolphthalein complexone”, Clinica Chimica Acta vol2, pp 576-80.1957. 20. A. Leardi, M. Caraglia, C. Selleri, S. Pepe, C. Pizzi, R. Notaro, A. Fabbrocini, S. De Lorenzo, M. Musicò, A. Abbruzzese, A.R. Bianco, and P. Tagliaferri. “Desferrioxamine increases iron depletion and apoptosis induced by ara-C of human myeloid leukaemic cells”, British Journal of Haematology vol 102(3), pp 746– 752.1998. 21. Z.A. T. Zakaria, Balan, A.K. Azemi, M.H. Omar, N. Mohtarrudin, Z. Ahmad, M.N. Abdullah, M.N. Desa, L.K. The, and M.Z. Salleh. “Mechanism(s) of action underlying the gastroprotective effect of ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the crude methanolic leaves extract of Muntingia calabura”, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine vol16 pp 78. 2016. 22. N. Nazarbahjat, F.A. Kadir, A. Ariffin, M.A. Abdulla, Z. Abdullah, and W.A. Yehye. “Antioxidant Properties and Gastroprotective Effects of 2-(Ethylthio) Benzohydrazones on Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesions in Rats”, PLoS One. Vol 11(6), e0156022. 2016 23. E.K.Y. L.Yu. Lam, H.P.S. Wong, W.K.K. Wu, V.Y. Shin, E.K.K. Tai, W.H.L. So P.C.Y. Woo, and C.H. Cho. “Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG enhances gastric ulcer healing in rats”, European Journal of Pharmacology vol 565(1-3), pp 171–179. 2007. 24. D. Hirayama, T. Iida, and H. Nakase. “ The Phagocytic Function of Macrophage-Enforcing Innate Immunity and Tissue Homeostasis”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences vol 19(1) Pii:E92. 2017. 25. V.I. Nikitenko. “Infection prophylaxis of gunshot wounds using probiotics”, Journal of Wound Care vol 13(9), pp363–366. 2004. 26. J.C. Valdez, M.C. Peral, M. Rachid, M. Santana, and G. Perdigon. “Interference of Lactobacillus plantarum with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in infected burns: the potential use of probiotics in wound treatment”, Clinical Microbiology and Infection Vol.11(6), pp 472– 479. 2005 27. M. Uchida, and K. Kurakazu. “Yogurt containing Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 exerts gastroprotective action against acute gastric lesion and antral ulcer in rats”. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences vol. 96(1), pp 84–90. 2004.2004. 28. G. Khoder, A.A. Al-Menhali, F. Al-Yassir, and S.M. Karam. “Potential role of probiotics in the management of gastric ulcer”. Experimental and Therapeutic Medecine, vol 12(1), pp 3-17. 2016. 29. H.H. Cui, C.L. Chen, J.D. Wang, Y.J. Yang, Y. Cun, J.B.Wu , Y.H. Liu, H.L. Dan, Y.T. Jian, and X.Q. Chen. “ Effects of probiotic on intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis”, World Journal of Gastroenterology vol 10(10), pp 1521-1525. 2004. 30. S. Wildt, I. Nordgaard, U. Hansen, E. Brockmann, and J.J. Rumessen. “A randomised double-blind placebocontrolled trial with Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis”, Journal of Crohn's and Colitis vol 5(2), pp 115-21.2011. 31. R. D'Inca, M. Barollo, M. Scarpa, A.R. Grillo, P. Brun, M.G. Vettorato, I. Castaqliuolo, and G.C. Sturniolo. “Rectal administration of Lactobacillus casei DG modifies flora composition and Toll-like receptor expression in colonic mucosa of patients with mild ulcerative colitis”. Digestive Diseases and Science, Vol. 56(4), pp1178-87. 2011. 32. K. Kato, S. Mizuno, Y. Umesak, Y. Ishii, M. Sugitani, A. Imaoka, M. Otsuka, O. Hasunuma, R. Kurihara, R. Iwasaki, and Y. Arakawa. 2004. “Randomized placebocontrolled trial assessing the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on active ulcerative colitis”, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 20(10), pp: 1133-41. 2004. 33. F.J. Rodrigues, M.H. Omura, M.F. Cedran, F.H.F. Dekker, A.M. Barbosa-Dekker, and S. Garcia. “Effect of natural polymers on the survival of Lactobacillus casei encapsulated in alginate microspheres”, Journal of Microencapsulation vol 34(5), pp: 431-439. 2017. 34. J.G. Kusters, A.H. Van Vliet and E.J. Kuipers. “Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection”, Clinical Microbiology Reviews vol: 19(3), 449-90. 2006. 35. H. Hashim, F.F. Mughrabi, M. Ameen, H. Khaledi, and H.M. Ali. “Cytoprotective effect of benzyl N'-(5-chloroindol-3-yl-methylidene)-hydrazinecarbodithioate against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats”, Molecules vol: 17(8), pp 9306-9320. 2012. 36. K. Rtibi, S. Selmi, M.A. Jabri, G. Mamadou, N. LimasNzouzi, H. Sebai, J. El-Benna, L. Marzouki,, B. Eto and Amri M. “Effects of aqueous extracts from Ceratonia siliqua L. pods on small intestinal motility in rats and jejunal permeability in mice”, RSC Advances vol 6(50), pp 44345–44353. 2016. 37. C.S. Yang, H. Wang, J.X. Chen and J. Zhang. “Effects of Tea Catechins on Cancer Signaling Pathways”, Enzymes vol 36 pp 195-221.2014. 38. M.H. Farzaei, M. Abdollahi, and R. Rahimi. “Role of dietary polyphenols in the management of peptic ulcer”, World Journal of Gastroenterolology vol 21(21), pp 6499- 517. 2015. 39. F.M. Birdane, M. Cemek, Y.O. Birdane, I. Gülçin, and M.E. Büyükokuroğlu.. “Beneficial effects of Foeniculum vulgare on ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats”, World Journal of Gastroenterology Vol 13(4), pp: 607-611. 2007. 40. N. Sistani Karampour, A. Arzi, A. Rezaie, M. Pashmforoosh, and F. Kordi. “Gastroprotective Effect of Zingerone on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats”. Medicina (Kaunas) vol 55(3): pii-E64. 2019. 41. E. Furrie, S. Macfarlane, A. Kennedy, J.H. Cummings, S.V. Walsh, D.A. O'Neil and G.T. Macfarlane. “Synbiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium longum/Synergy 1) initiates resolution of inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a randomised controlled pilot trial” Gut vol. 54(2), pp 242-249. 2015. Abbreviations Ca: Carob CS :Lactobacillus casei CS-ca: Lactobacillus casei-carob FMGG: Fermented Milk Lactobacillus rhamnosus FMGG-ca: Fermented Milk Lactobacillus caseicarob FMCS: Fermented Milk Lactobacillus casei FMCS-ca: Fermented Milk Lactobacillus caseicarob FM: Fermented milk GG: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-ca: Lactobacillus rhamnosus-carob M: Milk NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Keywords
-Milk, carob, probiotic, functional fermented milk, gastric ulcer.