Submit your paper : editorIJETjournal@gmail.com Paper Title : Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 101: Tomb-Pillars Industry ISSN : 2395-1303 Year of Publication : 2021 10.29126/23951303/IJET-V7I4P30 MLA Style: -Galal Ali Hassaan , Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 101: Tomb-Pillars Industry " " Volume 7 - Issue 4 July - August,2021 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) ,ISSN:2395-1303 , www.ijetjournal.org APA Style: -Galal Ali Hassaan " Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 101: Tomb-Pillars Industry " Volume 7 - Issue 4 July - August,2021 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) ,ISSN:2395-1303 , www.ijetjournal.org Abstract - This paper is one in a series of research papers aiming at investigating the role of ancient Egyptians in the development of Mechanical Engineering. It studies the production of tomb-pillars during a Period from the 4th to the 20th Dynasties of ancient Egypt. It presents the design and production of tomb-pillars and possible decoration. The characteristics of the tomb-pillars are investigated in some details Reference 1. H. Carter and A. Gardiner, "The tombof Ramesses IV and Turin plan of a Royal tomb", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol.4, issue 2/3, pp.130-158, 1917. 2. M. Arsmar, "Iconography of the Nefertari wall paintings", in M. Corzo and M. Afshar (Editors), "Art and Eternity", The Getty Conservation Institute and the Egyptian Antiquities Organization,pp.31-41, 1993. 3. A. Cwiek, “Relief decoration in the Royal funerary complexes of the Old Kingdom", Ph.D. Thesis, Institution of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Warsaw University., 2003. 4. K.R. Kroenke, "The motif alignment project", in P. Creasman (Editor), "Archaeological research in the Valley of Kings and ancient Thebes", University of Arizona Egyptian Expedition, Wilkinson Egyptology Series, vol. I , pp.27-37, 2012. 5. S. Hemeda, “Engineering failure analysis and design of support system for ancient Egyptian monuments in the Valley of the Kings, Luxor”, Springer Open, 2018. 6. American Research Center in Egypt, "Anatomy of a tomb: Ancient and modern designations for chambers and features", The American University in Cairo, Egyptology Department, 2020. 7. G. A. Hassaan, "Mechanical Engineering in ancient Egypt, Part 94: Inscription of the 18th Dynasty tombs", International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, vol.8, issue 6, pp.21-31 , 2020 . 8. G. A. Hassaan, "Mechanical Engineering in ancient Egypt, Part 95: Inscription of the 19th and 20th Dynasties tombs", International Journal of Engineering and Techniques , vol.6, issue 6, pp.1-16, 2020. 9. Wikipedia, "Fourth Dynasty of Egypt", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt , 2021. 10. Osirisnet, "G7530-40, the double mastaba of Meresankh III and its rock-cut chapel", https://www.osirisnet.net/mastabas/meresankh3/e_meresa nkh3_01.htm 11. G. A. Hassaan, "Mechanical Engineering in ancient Egypt, Part 84: Painting pigments industry", International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering, vol.5, issue 7, pp.1-8 , 2019. 12. Wikipedia, "Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt , 2021. 13. Osirisnet, "Sarenput II, GH31", https://www.osirisnet.net/tombes/assouan/sarenpout2/e_s arenpout2_01.htm 14. Wikipedia, "Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egy pt , 2021. 15. Osirisnet, "Sennefer-the tomb of vineyard: TT96 A and B", https://www.osirisnet.net/tombes/nobles/sennefer/e_senne fer_01.htm 16. Osirisnet, "TT192, the tomb of Kheruef", https://www.osirisnet.net/tombes/nobles/kheru/e_kherouef _01.htm 17. Osirisnet, "Horemheb - KV57 ", https://www.osirisnet.net/tombes/pharaons/horemheb/e_h oremheb_pharaon_02.htm 18. Wikipedia, "Ninteenth Dynasty of Egypt", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninteenth_Dynasty_of_Egyp t , 2021 19. Osirisnet, , "Ramses I - KV16", https://www.osirisnet.net/tombes/pharaons/ramses1/e_ra mses1_01.htm 20. National Geographic, "This Pharaoh's painted tomb was missing its mummy", https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2 020/05-06/pharaoh-seti-painted-tomb-missing-itsmummy/ 21. Osirisnet, , "Queen Nefertari, QV66", https://www.osirisnet.net/tombes/pharaons/nefertari/e_ne fertari_01.htm 22. Egyptopia, "The tomb of Ramses II (KV7)", http://egyptopia.com/en/articles/Egypt/luxor/The-Tombof-Ramses-II-%28KV-7%29.s.29.13738/ 23. Osirisnet, "TT187, The tomb of Neferrenpet", https://www.osirisnet.net/tombes/nobles/neferrenpet178/e _nfrrnpt_01.htm 24. J. Dunn, "The tomb of Merneptah, Valley of the Kings", http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/merneptaht.htm, 2021. 25. J. Dunn, "The tomb of Tausert and Setnakht", http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/tst.htm, 2021. 26. Wikipedia, "Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egy pt , 2021. 27. Wikipedia, "KV11", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KV11 , 2021. 28. Alamy, "Inside the tomb of Ramses IV (KV2) in the Valley of Kings", https://www.alamy.com/inside-the-tomb-oframses-iv-or-ramesses-iv-kv2-in-the-valley-of-the-kingsthebes-luxor-egypt-africa-image213289485.html 29. Design Boom, "Virtually tour the tomb of Pharaoh Ramses VI in Egypt", https://www.designboom.com/design/tomb-pharaohramses-vi-virtual-tour-07-11-2020/ , 2020. 30. Instagram, "This is the tomb of Ramesses IX", https://www.instagram.com/p/B2PVPCzHiCf/?igshid=5w 52obz0hadz&epik=dj0yJnU9Y3hlUEFVNXFRLV9wb1N DVTBVaXpZZ2E1VmNiTHhxYlUmcD0wJm49a0U1NUR hcmxxMkFvVXdyMmNTa0NldyZ0PUFBQUFBR0Rfd21V Keywords — Mechanical Engineering history, tomb-pillars, pillars design. pillars production, pillars decoration, Dynastic Periods. |