Submit your paper : editorIJETjournal@gmail.com

Paper Title : Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 88: Great Pyramid Project Management

ISSN : 2395-1303
Year of Publication : 2020
10.29126/23951303/IJET-V6I3P3

Authors: -Galal Ali Hassaan

         


Abstract
- The ancient Egyptians succeeded to establish an amazing civilization sustained for thousands of years and left human treasures still surviving to our present days. This included the construction of the Great pyramid of Khufu at Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. This is the research paper number 88 in a series trying to explore the evolution of Mechanical Engineering in ancient Egypt. It discusses and presents how the ancient Egyptians managed the construction of the great pyramid with their available primitive tools. It presents how the ancient Egyptians could apply concepts related to project managements such as objectives, planning and design, construction, logistics, quality and documentation.

Reference
1. N. Strudwick, The administration of Egypt in the Old Kingdom, KPI Ltd., 1985. 2. A. El-Maashly, Project management as perceived from ancient Egyptian projects , in H. Reschke and H. Schelle, Editors, Dimensions of project management: Springer-Verlag, 1990. 3. M. Ezzamel, “Work organization in the Middle Kingdom, ancient egypt,” Organization., vol. 11, issue 4, pp. 497-537, 2004. 4. A. Oppenheim, Decorative programs and architecture in the pyramid complexes of the third and fourth dynasties in P. Janosi, Editor, Structure and significance thoughts on ancient Egyptian architecture. , Verlag der Osterreichischischen Akademic der Wissenschaften, Wein, 2005. 5. J. Paulson, “Surveying in ancient Egypt,” in Pharaohs for Geoinformatics, FIG Working Week, April. 16-21, 2005. 6. T. Clarke, "The overseer of upper Egypt in Egypt's Old Kingdom", Bachelor of Honours Thesis, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie University, 2009. 7. M. Holland, "Building the case for historical project management building the case for historical project management", Conference Paper, May 2011, 20 pages. 8. J. A. Pelleties, "From ancient to modern logistics: evidence in ancient Egypt and early development of marketing", CHARM 2013 Proceedings, 2013, pp.195-209. 9. M. Barta, "Kings, Viziers and Courtiers, Executive power in the third millennium BC", in M. G. Carlos , Editor, "Ancient Egyptian administration", Brill, Leiden, 2013, pp.153-175 10. E. Brovarski, “Overseers of Upper Egypt in Old and Medium Kingdoms,” ZAS, vol.140, pp.91-111, 2013 11. E. Y. Saatci, "Management through the lenses of ancient people", I. J. Of Social Science and Humanity, vol.4, issue 5, pp.349-353, 2014 12. D. Driaux, “Water supply of ancient Egyptian settlements: the role of the state, Overview of a relatively equitable scheme from the Old and New Kingdoms,” Water History. Vol.8, pp.43-58, 2016. 13. G. A. Hassaan, “Mechanical engineering in ancient Egypt, Part 53: Farming tools,” I. J. Of Engineering and Techniques, vol.3, issue 4, pp.1-20, 2017. 14. F. Hogen and D. Soliman, "Archives in ancient Egypt, 2500-1000 BCE", in De Gruyter, and others, Editors, Manuscripts and archives, http://www.academia.edu , 2018 15. Flats in Luxor, Egyptian Pyramids and tombs, https://www.flatsinluxor.co.uk/ancient-egyptian-pyramids-and-tombs/ 16. Catch Penny , Amazing pyramid facts, https://www.catchpenny.org/pyramid.html, 2000. 17. ] J. Rosenberg , Great Pyramid at Giza, https://www.thoughtco.com/great-pyramid-at-giza-1434578, 2018. 18. Crystalinks, Great Pyramid statistics, https://www.crystalinks.com/gpstats.html 19. C. Batlett, The design of the Great Pyramid of Khufu, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-014-0193-9 20. R. Greenberg (2000), PI and the Great Pyramid, https://sites.math.washington.edu/~greenber/PiPyr.html 21. Wikipedia , Great Pyramid of Giza, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza, 2019. 22. Cheops Pyramid, The Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), https://www.cheops-pyramide.ch/khufu-pyramid/cheops-great-pyramid.html 23. J. Legon, The design of the Great Pyramid, http://www.legon.demon.co.uk/greatpyr.htm 24. Egypt Tours Portal , Ancient Egyptian Symbols, https://www.egypttoursportal.com/ancient-egyptian-symbols/, 2018. 25. S. Creghton , Crime in the Great Pyramid: The evidence mounts, https://grahamhancock.com/creightons10/, 2018. 26. The Rev67, The Pyramids of Orion, http://therev67.tripod.com/ancientcivil/greatpyramids/ 27. Ancient Wisdom, Architectural analysis of Great Pyramid, http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/Ghizaarchitecture.htm 28. Encyclopaedia Britannica , King's Chamber, https://www.britannica.com/place/Kings-Chamber-archaeological-site-Egypt, 2020. 29. J. Hill , The Queen's Chamber, https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/queenschambergp/, 2016. 30. Pbs, , Khufu Pyramid: Unfinished Chamber, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/egypt/explore/khufuunf.html, 2000. 31. B. Crawford , What is in the Grand Gallery of the Great Pyramid at Giza ?, https://traveltips.usatoday.com/grand-gallery-great-pyramid-giza-58910.html, 2018. 32. B. Pietsch , The four corner sockets of the Great Pyramid, https://www.scribd.com/document/109315125/The-Four-Corner-Sockets-of-the-Great-Pyramid, 2012. 33. Thunder Godblog , The Great Pyramid of Giza, https://thundergodblog.com/2012/08/03/hello-world/ 34. Friedman , The secrets of the Great Pyramid of Giza: What you didn't know about the Great Pyramid, https://www.ancient-code.com/the-secrets-of-the-great-pyramid-of-giza-what-you-didnt-know-about-the-great-pyramid/, 2020. 35. M. Reynolds, A comparative geometric analysis of the heights and bases of the Great Pyramid of Khufu and the Pyramid of Sun at Teotihuacan, https://www.emis.de/journals/NNJ/Reynolds.html, 1999. 36. Djed Force , Cheops Pyramid, https://www.djedforce.net/kings-chamber-1, 2020. 37. R. Richards, What was the purpose of the granite coffer ?, www.rickrichards.com/egypt/Egypt7_coffer.html

Keywords
Mechanical Engineering history, Ancient Egypt, Great pyramid, project management.