IJET

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques

IJET -Volume 2, Issue 5, September - October 2016

S.No	Title/Author Name	Page No
1	Characterization and Comparison of Natural and Synthetic Fiber Composite laminates - Muthuraj, Ravi kumar.M, Keerthiprasad.K.S [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Composites are engineered materials made from two or more constituents with different physical or chemical properties, which remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. A fiber is a material, which is made into a long filament with diameter generally in the order of 10 microns. The aspect ratio of length to diameter can be ranging from thousands to infinity in continuous fibers. Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is encouraging scientific research into the development of cheaper, more environmentally friendly and more sustainable construction and packing materials. For environment concern on synthetic fiber (such as glass, carbon, ceramic gibers etc) natural fibers (such as flax, hemp, jute, kenai) etc are widely used. Industrial hemp fiber is one of the strongest of the natural fibers available and possesses benefits such as low cost and low production energy requirements. The primary objective of this research is to fabricate the natural fiber composites with suitable processing/manufacturing methods and to examine the mechanical properties when subjected to Tension, Bending and to compare & contrast the results with the available literature. In this research work, hemp fiber reinforced Epoxy matrix composites have been developed by hand layup method with varying process parameters, such as coupling agent(with and without compatibilizers) and different fiber percentages (10%,20% and 30% by weight). The developed composites were then characterized by tensile test and flexural testing. Results show that the tensile strength and flexural properties increases with the increase in fiber percentage. However after a certain percentage the tensile strength decreases again. Compared to untreated hemp fiber, no significant changes in the tensile strength have been observed for treated hemp fiber reinforcement. The flexural strength / modulus of the composite were higher compared to pure epoxy for all filler/fiber loadings. Keyword: Composite material , Hemp fiber, E-glass fiber. × Muthuraj, Ravi kumar.M, Keerthiprasad.K.S, "Characterization and Comparison of Natural and Synthetic Fiber Composite laminates" Vol. 2 - Issue 5 ( Sep - Oct 2016), International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) , ISSN: 2395 - 1303 , www.ijetjournal.org ×	1-8
2	Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part XXV: Models Industry (Boats, Ploughing, Grain Grinding, Bakery and Brewery) - Galal Ali Hassaan [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract The paper investigates the evolution of mechanical engineering in ancient Egypt through the study of models industry during the Predynastic and Pharaonic Periods. It covers models for boats, ploughing, grain grinding, bakery and brewery. The time span of each model application is assigned through the different dynasties or time periods for the Predynastic era. The gender of the labors participated in each activity is assigned. Keyword: Mechanical engineering history, Ancient Egypt, model industry, boat models, ploughing models, grinding models, bakery models, brewery models. × Galal Ali Hassaan" Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part XXV: Models Industry (Boats, Ploughing, Grain Grinding, Bakery and Brewery)" Vol. 2 - Issue 5 ( Sep - Oct 2016), International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) , ISSN: 2395 - 1303 , www.ijetjournal.org ×	9-21
3	Fault Tolerance Mechanism in WSN�s through Recovery Nodes - A.Rajendra Babu , Shiva Murthy. G [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract During recent years, usage of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been increased because of its huge potential to interconnect the physical world to the virtual world. To increase the quality of service (QoS) in WSNs, large numbers of portable wireless sensor nodes have been deployed. The failure of these sensor nodes will affect the QoS. To maintain better QoS, faulty nodes need to be identified. In the proposed method, sensor node failures are identified by calculating the round trip delay (RTD) of discrete round trip paths (RTP) and analysing them with threshold value. Once the faulty nodes are detected, neighbour nodes (Recovery Nodes) that have higher energy are selected for further transmission. By this approach, the quality of service (QoS) in WSNs can be improved. Simulation results using the NS2 simulator shows the transmission in WSNs even in the presence of faulty nodes. Keyword: Wireless Sensor Networks; QoS; Round Trip Path; Round Trip Delay; Recovery Nodes. × A.Rajendra Babu , Shiva Murthy. G"Fault Tolerance Mechanism in WSN�s through Recovery Nodes" Vol. 2 - Issue 5 ( Sep - Oct 2016), International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) , ISSN: 2395 - 1303 , www.ijetjournal.org ×	22-27
4	Selection of FACTs Devices for Better Reactive Power Compensation through Capacitor - Rachana Chavan , Rakesh Singh Lodhi [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTs) technology opens up new opportunities for controlling power flow and enhancing the usable capacity of present, as well as new and upgraded lines. These FACTs device which enables independent control of active and reactive power besides improving reliability and quality of the supply. This paper describes the real and reactive power flow control through a short transmission line and then compensated short transmission line with different FACTs devices are used to selection of FACTs devices for better reactive power compensation with change in line capacitance/shunt capacitance to observe power flow. Computer simulation by MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to determining better reactive power. TCSC, STATCOM, UPFC and SSSC FACTs controller with different capacitance are tested for controlling reactive power flow. Keyword: FACTS, TCSC, STATCOM, UPFC, SSSC, real and reactive power. × Rachana Chavan , Rakesh Singh Lodhi "Selection of FACTs Devices for Better Reactive Power Compensation through Capacitor" Vol. 2 - Issue 5 ( Sep - Oct 2016), International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) , ISSN: 2395 - 1303 , www.ijetjournal.org ×	28-35
5	Moving Objects Detection Using Fuzzy Color Difference Histogram Mechanism - Chetana M, Shiva Murthy. G [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract In the presence of dynamic background (such as camouflage, ripples in water) detecting of moving objects became the very toughest job. In order to subtract the background we are using three techniques in this paper i.e. CDH, FCDH, FCH. Initially the CDH (color difference histogram) technique used in order to remove the dynamic background so that it will help us to detect the moving objects by minimizing the false error occurred due to the non-stationary background. This paper proposes an algorithm FCDH (fuzzy color difference histogram) which uses the concept of fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) and updates CDH for reducing the effects of intensity variations because of some fake motions. This algorithm tested with number of videos available in public. Keyword: Dynamic background, camouflage, fuzzy C-means clustering, color difference histogram, background subtraction, frame difference. × Chetana M, Shiva Murthy. G"Moving Objects Detection Using Fuzzy Color Difference Histogram Mechanism" Vol. 2 - Issue 5 ( Sep - Oct 2016), International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) , ISSN: 2395 - 1303 , www.ijetjournal.org ×	36-41
6	Suppression of Boring Bar Vibration Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control - Maha M. A. Lashin, Ahmed A. Barakat , Ahmed M. Makady ,Ahmed M. Aly [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract In order to overcome the self-excited vibrations in internal turning (chatter) a new design for boring bar was introduced, which depends on using the workpiece in supporting the boring bar using intermediate rolling elements. The system bears the loads under the action of a hydraulic pressure, which at a certain value prove to have a significant effect on the system chatter tendency. In the present paper, a gear pump driven by a DC motor system is designed to control the pressure of the supporting hydraulic system. The pump-motor system model was created in MATLAB/ SIMULINK simulation and then a fuzzy logic control system (FLC) is designed to control the pressurized oil for keeping it less or equal to 4 bars to save the self-excited vibrations within the desired limits. Keyword: Boring bar � Oil pressure � Fuzzy logic control system. × Maha M. A. Lashin, Ahmed A. Barakat , Ahmed M. Makady ,Ahmed M. Aly "Suppression of Boring Bar Vibration Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control" Vol. 2 - Issue 5 ( Sep - Oct 2016), International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) , ISSN: 2395 - 1303 , www.ijetjournal.org ×	42-51
7	Vibration Analysis and Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor Bearing Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) - Mr. Vaibhav A. Kalhapure, Dr.R.R.Navthar [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Induction motor bearing faults are one of the main causes of catastrophic failure of machines. Thus, detection and diagnosis of faults in bearings is very crucial for the reliable. This paper focuses on fault diagnosis of induction motor bearing having localized defects using Daubechies wavelets-based feature extraction. In present study Machinery Fault Simulator (MFS) test rig used for fault diagnosis of NSK-6203 deep groove ball bearing. Vibration signals collected from the various bearing conditions- healthy bearing (HB), outer race defect (ORD), inner race defect (IRD), ball defect (BD) and combined bearing defect (CBD). The extraction of statistical features carried out using various Daubechies wavelet coefficients from raw vibration signals. Lastly, the bearing faults are classified using these statistical features as input to Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique used for faults classifications. The test result shows that ANN identifies the fault categories of rolling element bearing more accurately for Db4 and has a better diagnosis performance as compared to other Daubechies wavelets with ANN classifier.. Keyword: Daubechies Wavelet, Induction Motor Bearing, Artificial Neural Network (ANN). × Mr. Vaibhav A. Kalhapure, Dr.R.R.Navthar "Vibration Analysis and Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor Bearing Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)" Vol. 2 - Issue 5 ( Sep - Oct 2016), International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) , ISSN: 2395 - 1303 , www.ijetjournal.org ×	52-59
8	Cascaded DC-DC Converter With Dual Output - Lakshmi K R, Kavitha Issac , Kiran Boby [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Extremely high duty cycle of boost converter may result in higher conduction losses. To achieve a high conversion ratio without operating at extremely high duty ratio, some converters based on transformers or coupled inductors or tapped inductors have been provided. However, the leakage inductance in the transformer, coupled inductor or tapped inductor will cause high voltage spikes in the switches and reduce system efficiency. A novel single switch cascaded dc-dc converter of boost and buck boost converters have extended voltage conversion ratio to d/(1-d)2. The features of the converter are high voltage gain; only one switch for realizing the converter, the number of magnetic components is small etc. So comparing with other topologies cascaded converter is more effective. Simulation of the converter for a dc input voltage and fixed duty cycle was done, and the same was verified experimentally for a low input voltage. The software used for simulation was MatlabR2014a. Keyword: Conduction loss, leakage, Voltage, Cascaded converter, Voltage conversion ratio, Dual output. × Lakshmi K R, Kavitha Issac, Kiran Boby "Cascaded DC-DC Converter With Dual Output" Vol. 2 - Issue 5 ( Sep - Oct 2016), International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) , ISSN: 2395 - 1303 , www.ijetjournal.org ×	60-64
9	Two Stage Five Level Inverter for Grid Connected Application - Anju John Gray, Beena M Vargheese , Miss.Geethu James [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract Modern trend in power generation is the use of two-stage con?guration i.e., allocating a single PV cell to a converter to produce grid voltage of adequate requirement and then to convert DC to AC voltage for grid cnnection. Usually, the ?rst stage is a DC-DC boost type converter which is responsible for extracting maximum power from panel and boosting PV voltage to a value higher than peak of grid voltage. A converter is proposed, which is derived from an active network based converter, is chosen as the first stage and a ?ve level inverter is used as the second stage of the con?guration. Thus, in overall, the converter used is having high gain and reduced switching stress. The Inverter used is having the advantage of low ?lter requirement, reduced stress, EMI and reduced THD level. A closed loop control of the converter is done to maintain constant output voltage under varying input voltage. MATLAB R2014a version software is used to simulate the model. The prototype of the two stage configuration was developed and tested in the laboratory and results were verified using PIC 16F877A. Keyword: Active network based converter, closed loop, five level inverter, two-stage configuration, THD. × Anju John Gray, Beena M Vargheese ,Miss.Geethu James "Two Stage Five Level Inverter for Grid Connected Application" Vol. 2 - Issue 5 ( Sep - Oct 2016), International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) , ISSN: 2395 - 1303 , www.ijetjournal.org ×	65-70
10	Closed Loop Controlled Hybrid Boost Three Level DC-DC Converter with High Voltage Gain for PV Systems - Vinith Das, Dr. Babu Paul , Prof. Elizabeth Sebastian [ Abstract ] [ Cite ] [ PDF ] Abstract To overcome the problem of mismatched voltage levels between parallel-connected low voltage photovoltaic (PV) arrays and the higher grid voltage, a hybrid boost three level dc-dc converter is developed based on three level inverter with the traditional single phase diode clamping. Only one inductor, two capacitors in series, and those power switches and diodes, which are easy to be integrated, are used for establish the topology with transformerless high voltage gain. The operation principle of the topology is analyzed, and then the pulse width modulation (PWM) control method is obtained according to the switching functions about the output pulse voltages of both half-bridges. Therefore, the converter can not only operate with high voltage gain, but also make the duty cycles of power switches closer to 0.5. A feedforward closed loop control operation is proposed such that even in varying input the converter is capable of giving a constant output. Finally an experimental is set up in the laboratory for open loop control operation. All experimental results verify the feasibility of the circuit and validity of the PWM control method. Keyword: Photovoltaic system(PV system), Hybrid boost converter. × Vinith Das, Dr. Babu Paul , Prof. Elizabeth Sebastian "Closed Loop Controlled Hybrid Boost Three Level DC-DC Converter with High Voltage Gain for PV Systems" Vol. 2 - Issue 5 ( Sep - Oct 2016), International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) , ISSN: 2395 - 1303 , www.ijetjournal.org ×	71-79

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